Uphononongo lubonisa okokuqala ukuba izinambuzane zinokudlala ngeebhola ezincinci zokhuni. Ngaba oku kuthetha okuthile malunga nemeko yabo yeemvakalelo?
UMonisha Ravisetti ngumbhali wesayensi weCNET. Uthetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu, iirokethi zasemkhathini, iipuzzle zezibalo, amathambo edayinaso, imingxunya emnyama, i-supernovae, kunye novavanyo lwengcinga yentanda-bulumko ngamanye amaxesha. Ngaphambili, wayeyintatheli yesayensi kupapasho lokuqala lwe-Academic Times, kwaye ngaphambi koko, wayengumphandi we-immunology kwiZiko lezoNyango i-Weill Cornell eNew York. Ngo-2018, waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York ngesidanga se-bachelor kwifilosofi, kwifiziksi kunye nekhemistri. Xa engekho kwidesika yakhe, uyazama (kwaye akaphumeleli) ukuphucula indawo yakhe kwichess ekwi-intanethi. Iifilimu azithandayo yiDunkirk kunye neMarseille kwiZihlangu.
Ngaba iinyosi zivale indlela yakho ukusuka ekhaya ukuya emotweni? akhongxaki. Uphononongo olutsha lunika indlela enomdla nenomdla kakhulu yokubakhusela. Nika izilwanyana ibhola encinci yomthi kwaye zinokonwaba kwaye ziyeke ukukoyikisa kuhambo lwakho lwasekuseni.
NgoLwesine, iqela labaphandi libonise ubungqina bokuba ii-bumblebees, njengabantu, ziyakonwabela ukudlala ngezixhobo zokuzonwabisa.
Emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwii-bumblebees ezingama-45 kwiimvavanyo ezininzi, kwacaca ukuba iinyosi zathatha ingxaki ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuqengqeleka iibhola zokhuni, nangona zazingenayo inkuthazo ecacileyo kule nto. Ngamanye amazwi, iinyosi zibonakala "zidlala" ngebhola. Kwakhona, njengabantu, iinyosi zineminyaka yobudala xa ziphulukene nokudlala.
Ngokwenqaku elipapashwe kwinyanga edlulileyo kwijenali ye-Animal Behavior, iinyosi ezincinci ziqengqa iibhola ezininzi kuneenyosi ezindala, njengokuba unokulindela ukuba abantwana badlale imidlalo kunabantu abadala. Iqela liphinde labona ukuba iinyosi ezingamadoda ziqengqele ibhola ixesha elide kuneemazi. (Kodwa ungaqinisekanga ukuba le nto iyasebenza ekuziphatheni komntu.)
"Olu pho nonongo lunika ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuthi i-insect intelligence inzima kakhulu kunokuba besicinga," utshilo uLars Chitka, unjingalwazi we-ecology kunye nokuziphatha kwi-Queen Mary University yaseLondon, owayekhokela isifundo. "Zininzi izilwanyana ezidlalela nje ukuzonwabisa, kodwa imizekelo emininzi zizilwanyana ezincancisayo kunye neentaka."
Ukwazi ukuba izinambuzane ziyakuthanda ukudlala kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kusinika ithuba lokugqiba ukuba banokufumana iimvakalelo ezintle. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nendlela esibaphatha ngayo. Ngaba siyazihlonipha izilwanyana ezingathethwayo kangangoko sinako? Ngaba siya kubabhalisa njengabantu abayaziyo?
UFrans BM de Waal, umbhali wencwadi ethi Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals wayishwankathela inxalenye yale ngxaki ngokuthi “ngenxa yokuba izilwanyana zingakwazi ukuthetha, iimvakalelo zazo ziyakhatywa.”
Oku kunokuba yinyani ngakumbi kwiinyosi. Ngokomzekelo, uphando olwenziwa ngo-2011 lufumene ukuba iinyosi zafumana utshintsho kwimichiza yengqondo xa zivuswa okanye zishukunyiswa nje ngabaphandi. Olu tshintsho luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuxhalaba, ukudakumba, kunye nezinye iimeko zengqondo esiqhele ukuzibona ebantwini nakwezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba izinambuzane azikwazi ukuthetha, makungabikho ukukhala okanye ukubonakala kobuso, ngokuqhelekileyo asicingi ukuba baneemvakalelo.
“Sinika ubungqina obuninzi nangakumbi.
Ndiyathetha, jonga le vidiyo ingezantsi kwaye uya kubona ibubu leenyosi ezityebileyo ziqengqeleka kwibhola ngokungathi zisesekisini. Intle kakhulu kwaye imnandi kakhulu kuba siyazi ukuba bayenza kuphela kuba imnandi.
UChittka kunye nezinye izazinzulu babeka ii-bumblebees ezingama-45 kwibala lemidlalo emva koko bababonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo apho banokukhetha ukuba "badlale" okanye bangadlali.
Kolunye uvavanyo, izinambuzane zafumana ukufikelela kumagumbi amabini. Eyokuqala iqulethe ibhola eshukumayo, enye ayinanto. Njengoko kulindelwe, iinyosi zikhetha amagumbi ahambelana nokuhamba kwebhola.
Kwesinye imeko, iinyosi zinokukhetha indlela engabonakaliyo kwindawo yokutya okanye iphambuke kwindlela eya kwindawo enebhola yokhuni. Abantu abaninzi bakhetha ichibi lebhola. Enyanisweni, ebudeni bovavanyo, isinambuzane esinye sayiqengqa ibhola ukusuka kwisi-1 ukuya kwizihlandlo ezili-117.
Ukuthintela ukuxubana kwezinto eziguquguqukayo, abaphandi bazama ukuhlukanisa ingcamango yomdlalo webhola. Ngokomzekelo, abazange bavuze iinyosi ngokudlala ngebhola kwaye baphelise ithuba lokuba baxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile loxinzelelo kwindawo engeyiyo ibhola.
"Ngokuqinisekileyo kunomdla kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kumnandi ukubukela i-bumblebees idlala uhlobo oluthile lomdlalo," umphandi weYunivesithi yase-Queen Mary u-Samadi Galpayaki, umbhali okhokelayo wophononongo, kwingxelo. Ubukhulu obuncinci kunye nengqondo encinci, zingaphezulu kwezidalwa ezincinci zerobhothi. "
"Enyanisweni banokufumana uhlobo oluthile lwemeko yeemvakalelo entle, nokuba yeyokuqala, njengezinye izilwanyana ezikhulu ezinoboya okanye ezingenaboya obuninzi," uqhubeke watsho uGalpage. "Oku kufunyenweyo kunempembelelo ekuqondeni kwethu izinambuzane kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwaye sinethemba lokuba siyasikhuthaza ukuba sihloniphe kwaye sikhusele ubomi emhlabeni ngakumbi."
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-10-2022
