Kwimarike yamathoyizi, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha, ezinjengeengxowa zePP, iingxowa zefoil, iblister, iibhegi zephepha, ibhokisi yefestile kunye nebhokisi yokubonisa, njl. Enyanisweni, ukuba iingxowa zeplastiki okanye iifilimu zeplastiki azifikeleli kwiimfuno eziqhelekileyo, kukho iingozi ezinokuthi zikhuseleke, ezifana nokufunxa umntwana.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba kukho imimiselo ecacileyo malunga nobukhulu bokupakishwa kwezinto zokudlala kwi-EU Toy Directive EN71-1: 2014 kunye nenqanaba lokudlala lelizwe laseTshayina GB6675.1-2014, Ngokutsho kwe-EU EN71-1, ubukhulu befilimu yeplastiki kwiingxowa kufuneka. ingabi ngaphantsi kwe-0.038mm. Nangona kunjalo, kuhlolo lwemihla ngemihla lwesebe lokuhlola kunye nelokuvalelwa kwabantu, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ubukhulu bokupakishwa kwezinto zokudlala kwamanye amashishini athumela ngaphandle akufikanga ku-0.030mm, okubangele iingozi ezinokuthi zibekho zokhuseleko, eziye zakhunjulwa ngamazwe e-EU. Kukho izizathu ezithathu eziphambili zalo mba:
Okokuqala, amashishini akanalwazi lwaneleyo ngeemfuno zomgangatho wokupakisha. Akucaci malunga nemigangatho yemigangatho yangaphandle kwizinto zokupakisha, ngakumbi ezo zihambelana nobukhulu, umda weekhemikhali kunye nezinye iimfuno. Uninzi lwamashishini ahlula ukupakishwa kwezinto zokudlala kukhuseleko lwamathoyi, ekholelwa ukuba ukupakishwa akufuneki kuthotyelwe imigaqo kunye nemiyalelo yokudlala.
Okwesibini, kukho ukunqongophala kweendlela zokulawula umgangatho wokupakisha. Ngenxa yobungcali bezinto zokupakisha, phantse zonke iipakethe ziphuma ngaphandle, ezingenalo ulawulo olusebenzayo kwizinto eziluhlaza, ukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa kokupakisha.
Okwesithathu, ukulahlekisa kwamanye amaziko ovavanyo lomntu wesithathu, ukutyeshela ukuvavanya ubukhulu kunye nezixhobo eziyingozi zokupakisha, ezibangela ukuba amashishini acinge ngempazamo ukuba ukupakishwa kwezinto zokudlala akufuneki kufezekise iimfuno zemigaqo yokudlala.
Enyanisweni, ukhuseleko lokupakishwa kwezinto zokudlala belusoloko luxatyiswa ngamazwe ahambele phambili njengeYurophu neUnited States. Kukwaqhelekile ukuxela iirikhi ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa zizinto ezinobungozi obugqithisileyo kunye nezikhombisi zomzimba ezingafanelanga ukupakishwa. Ke ngoko, isebe lokuhlola kunye nelokuvalelwa yedwa likhumbuza amashishini amathoyizi ukuba ahlawule ngakumbi kulawulo lokhuseleko lokupakishwa. Amashishini kufuneka abethelele ukubaluleka okukhulu kukhuseleko oluphathekayo kunye neekhemikhali zokupakishwa, ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno zemithetho nemimiselo yokupakishwa okwahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka kubekho inkqubo yolawulo lokupakisha olugqibeleleyo.
Ngo-2022, imimiselo ye-AGEC yesiFrentshi yayifuna ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-MOH (Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons) ekupakishweni akuvumelekanga.
IMineral Oyile Hydrocarbons (MOH) luhlobo lwemixube yeekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu eziveliswa kukwahlulwa okubonakalayo, ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali okanye ukunyibilika kwe-oyile ekrwada yepetroleum. Ibandakanya ikakhulu i-Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons (MOSH) Eyenziwe Ngamatyathanga aNgqongileyo, Amatyathanga anesetyana kunye nemisesane kunye ne-Mineral Oyile yeArom equlunqwe yiPolyaromatic Hydrocarbons. I-Atic Hydrocarbons, MOAH).
Ioyile yezimbiwa isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye iphantse yafumaneka yonke indawo kwimveliso nakubomi, njengezithambisi, i-oyile yokugquma, i-solvents, kunye nee-inki zokushicilela ezahlukeneyo kwiimotor ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweoli ye-mineral kuqhelekile kwimveliso yansuku zonke yeekhemikhali kunye nezolimo.
Ngokusekwe kwiingxelo ezifanelekileyo zovavanyo lwe-oyile yeminerali ekhutshwe yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokutya lwe-European Union (EFSA) ngo-2012 nango-2019:
I-MOAH (ngokukodwa i-MOAH kunye ne-3-7 izindandatho) inokuba ne-carcinogenicity kunye ne-mutagenicity, oko kukuthi, i-carcinogens enokwenzeka, i-MOSH iya kuqokelela kwizicubu zomntu kwaye ibe nemiphumo emibi kwisibindi.
Okwangoku, imimiselo yesiFrentshi ijolise kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto zokupakisha, ngelixa amanye amazwe afana neSwitzerland, iJamani kunye ne-European Union ngokusisiseko ijolise ekuvezweni kokutya ephepheni nakwi-inki. Ukujonga ukusuka kwindlela yophuhliso, kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ulawulo lwe-MOH kwixesha elizayo, ngoko ke ukubeka ingqwalasela kuphuhliso lolawulo yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo kumashishini amathoyizi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-20-2022
